You can probably distinguish between different voices, male and female, young and old and also gain some understanding about what is going on around you based on the tone of voice, mannerisms and body language of the other people. Imagine yourself surrounded by people who are speaking a language that you cannot understand. Perhaps passing through an airport in another country. Differences include many subtleties, recognising foreign languages, distinguishing between regional accents and clues to the emotions and feelings of the speaker.īeing able to distinguish the subtleties of sound made by somebody who is happy or sad, angry or stressed, for example, ultimately adds value to what is actually being said and, of course, does aid comprehension. When discriminative listening skills are combined with visual stimuli, the resulting ability to ‘listen’ to body-language enables us to begin to understand the speaker more fully – for example recognising somebody is sad despite what they are saying or how they are saying it. Not only can we recognise different voices, but we also develop the ability to recognise subtle differences in the way that sounds are made – this is fundamental to ultimately understanding what these sounds mean. As we grow older and develop and gain more life experience, our ability to distinguish between different sounds is improved. The two main types of listening - the foundations of all listening sub-types are:ĭiscriminative listening is first developed at a very early age – perhaps even before birth, in the womb. This is the most basic form of listening and does not involve the understanding of the meaning of words or phrases but merely the different sounds that are produced. In early childhood, for example, a distinction is made between the sounds of the voices of the parents – the voice of the father sounds different to that of the mother.ĭiscriminative listening develops through childhood and into adulthood. Listening: the process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or non-verbal messages. Personal and Romantic Relationship Skills.Conflict Resolution and Mediation Skills.Conversation Tips for Getting What You Want.Non-Verbal Communication: Face and Voice.Tips for Effective Interpersonal Communication.Schlessinger, Ph.D.The SkillsYouNeed Guide to Interpersonal Skills
He reveals with brilliant clarity the many modes in which the analyst may listen to his patient and listen to himself while with his patient, and he provides the student a theoretical and practical base from which to learn to listen "like an analyst".' Salman Akhtar has taken up the challenge and demonstrates, in this masterful volume, how complex and multifaceted is this seemingly simple act. Far from being so, listening analytically is an essential skill that may take the analyst years to learn and is a skill that would seem to be unteachable. 'It might seem a matter to be taken for granted of course, analysts listen to their patients. Ira Brenner, MD, Training and Supervising Analyst, Psychoanalytic Center of Philadelphia It is bound to become another classic in the Akhtar tradition!' His book is replete with experience-near vignettes and contains numerous pearls of clinical wisdom. Like a virtuoso musician, he guides us to better discern the sounds and silences of the analytic hour. 'In this slim but remarkable volume, Salman Akhtar has recast psychoanalysis, the renowned "talking cure", as essentially a "listening cure". The ground covered ranges from diverse methods of listening through the informative potential of the countertransference to the outer limits of our customary attitude where psychoanalytic listening no longer helps and might even be contraindicated.' Taking Freud’s early description of how an analyst ought to listen as its starting point, the book traverses considerable historical, theoretical, and clinical territory. This book aims to rectify this problem by focusing upon analytic listening. And yet, the listening end of the equation has received short shrift in analytic literature.
Talking without listening can mislead and harm. Listening with no talking can only go so far. Both elements are integral to clinical work. Psychoanalysis is a listening and talking cure. However, the focus upon the patient’s and therapist’s speaking activities diverted attention from how the two parties listen to each other. She was correct insofar as psychoanalysis does place verbal exchange at the center stage. 'Joseph Breuer’s celebrated patient, Anna O., designated psychoanalysis to be a "talking cure".
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